วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 6 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2555

Visual Stimulus Comprehension 3. Understanding Diagrams

3. Understanding Diagrams

*Diagrams explain how things work, describe a process or different parts of an object.

*They can use arrows to show movement or labels to name the parts.

Study this diagram and the text below on the lifecycle of a butterfly.




A butterfly starts life from an egg. The larvaq or caterpillar hatches from the egg and constantly feeds on leaves or flowers. The caterpillar loses its old skin many times as it grows. It then transforms itself into a pupa or chrysalis; this is called the resting stage. Finally, a beautiful adult butterfly emerges. The adult butterfly will continue the cycle.

Visual Stimulus Comprehension 2. Understanding Maps

2. Understanding Maps

*Maps are a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features such as cities, roads, buildings, etc.

*These visuals offer a bird's eye view of the location of things on a flat surface.

*Maps may have symbols and a key to explain the symbols.

Study this map. Read the labels and understand what they mean. Read the instructions next to the map. Study the words in colour.




- My home is opposite the resident.
-The Prince Royal's Collage is on the corner opposite the tennis court.

Visual Stimulus Comprehension 1. Understanding symbols and Signs

Visuals Stimulus Comprehension.
 
*Visuals can be pictures on their own or combined with words to convey meaning.
*Symbols, signs, maps, diagrams and storyboards use visuals for a purpose.
*All visuals contain a message. The message could be interpreted as a story, a warning, an advertisement or as information to educate or influence people to buy something or to take some action.

1. Understanding Symbols and Signs

*Symbols are internationally recognised visuals with a clear message.
*They are understood by people everywhere, no matter what language they speak.

Look at these familiar symbols used at airports, on road signs, etc, and their meanings.

Train station
toilet
































*Signs use symbols, colors, words or numbers to convey a message.
*Read signs can be a warning for driver safety (yellow signs), orders to be followed (red signs), or additional information (green signs).
*A sign with a cross through it signifies something cannot be done.

Look at these familiar signs and their meanings.

Sharp Turn Ahead













Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension. 




Part 1.
A fifteen-year-old boy was injured in a car accident when the minivan he was traveling in was hit by a pickup truck at an intersection. The boy was taken to a nearby hospital. The paramedics said that it appeared that the boy had nothing more serious than a broken left leg, but that internal injuries were always a possibility. The boy was conscious and alert. His mother, who was driving, was uninjured. She said that the truck appeared out of nowhere, and she thought she was going to die. She turned the steering wheel sharply to the left, and the truck hit her minivan on the passenger side. The driver of the truck was a 50-year-old man who was unemployed and apparently had been drinking—police found 18 empty beer cans inside the truck. The man denied drinking, but he failed the police test for sobriety. When asked to touch his nose with his arms outstretched and eyes closed, he was unable to touch any part of his head.
The handcuffed man asked the police if they knew where "Mabel" was as he was put into the back seat of the police vehicle. The police asked him if Mabel was his wife. He said, "She‘s my dog, my dog! Where‘s my baby?" A dog with a collar, but no identification, was found minutes later, half a block away. The man was taken to the city jail and booked on suspicion of driving while intoxicated and on causing an accident.

Instructions: Please give a complete answer.


1. Who was injured in a car accident?

     - A boy was injured in a car accident.

2. Where did the accident happen?

     - It happened at an intersection.

3. Where was the boy taken?

     - He was taken to a hospital.

4. Who was driving the minivan when the accident happened?

     - The mother was driving the minivan when the accident happened.

5. Which side of the minivan was hit by the truck?

     - The truck hit the passenger side of the minivan.

6. How old was the truck driver?

     - He was 50 years old.

7. What did the driver deny?

    -  He denied drinking.

8. Which part of his head was the driver unable to touch?

     - He was unable to touch any part of his head.

9. Where was the man put in the police vehicle?

     - He was put into the back seat of the police vehicle.

10. Where was the man taken?

       - He was taken to the city jail.

Part 2.



1. After the hurricane, there was no water and not much food on the island. It is still very bad. Many people no longer have homes and living in schools. Others are in hospitals. We need help from other countries.
A. The writer wants to help for his family.                                   
B. The writer wants to help for his country.
C. The writer wants some food for his country. 

2. John never has any money. He has a good salary, but he’s always borrowing money, “Where does it go?” asks his mother. “Don’t ask me, says John, “All I do is buy clothes, go to the theater and eat in the restaurants.”
A. John eats in restaurants.
B. John’s mother buys clothes with his money.
C. John uses all his money and doesn’t save.

3. Erika liked the blue dress and wanted to buy it. “How much is it?” She asked. “Twenty   ninety-five,” said the clerk. “Oh, I don’t have that much money,” said Erika. “You can charge it,” answered the clerk.
A. The dress was twenty ninety-five.
B. Erika liked the dress and wanted to buy it.                                  
C. Erika didn’t have the money.

4. Mr. James has a financial problem. He tries to pay his bills every month. This month he paid the rent, the gas company, and the department stores. He didn’t pay his electricity bill. Now Mr. James can’t even watch television!
A. Mr. James doesn’t have television.                                                               
B. Mr. James doesn’t have gas.
C. Mr. James doesn’t have electricity.

5. Bicycles are very popular today in many countries. Many people use bicycles for exercise. But exercise is only one of the reasons why bicycle are popular. Another reason is money. Bicycles are not expensive to buy. They do not need gas to make them go. They also are easy and cheap to fix. In cities, many people like bicycles better than cars. With a bicycle, they never have to wait in traffic. They also do not have to find a place to park. And finally, bicycles do not cause any pollution!
A. Bicycles are better than cars.   
B. Bicycles do not cause the pollution.               
C. Bicycles are popular today for many people.

6. Louise called Mark on Saturday morning. “What are you doing tonight?” she asked. Mark said, “Tom asked me to go to a baseball game with him. Do you want to come with us, too? He can bring his friend, Jack” “OK,” said Louise. “I like Jack.”
A. The four friends are going to a baseball game.
B. The two friends are going to a baseball game.
C. Tom and Mark are going to a baseball game.

7. Eric went to a movie and enjoyed it very much. It was the story of a family with 17 children. The family sang and danced. After the movie, Eric said to his mother, “That was good. Why don’t you go to see it, too?”
A. Eric saw a movie with 17 children.                       
B. Eric told his mother to see the movie.
C. Eric saw an entertaining movie yesterday.

8. “The prices are very high in this restaurant,” said Evelyn to her friend. “Don’t think about the price,” said Edwin. “I want you to enjoy your meal. Order anything you want from the menu. My salary is higher now, and I have a lot of money for our dinner.”
A. Evelyn and Edwin are eating in a restaurant with high prices.
B. Evelyn can order anything she wants from the menu.
C. Edwin has a higher salary now.

9. Jenny worked late four days, and her boss wanted to thank her. He paid her more money and took her to dinner at a nice restaurant. “You’re a good secretary, Jenny,” he said. “Thank you for your help.”
A. The boss paid Jenny extra money.
B. The boss wanted to thank Jenny for her help.
C. The boss took Jenny to dinner. 

10. Juan loves to play games. His favorite game is chess because it requires a great deal of thoughts .Juan also likes to play less demanding board games that are based mostly on luck. He prefers Monopoly because it requires luck and skill. If he’s alone, Juan likes to play action video games very much
A. Juan dislikes violence.                          
B. Juan likes to think.
C. Juan enjoys Monopoly


  

Answer
1.B 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. B 

Skimming



Skimming is used to quickly identify the main ideas of a text. When you read the newspaper, you're probably not reading it word-by-word, instead you're scanning the text. Skimming is done at a speed three to four times faster than normal reading. People often skim when they have lots of material to read in a limited amount of time. Use skimming when you want to see if an article may be of interest in your research.

There are many strategies that can be used when skimming. Some people read the first and last paragraphs using headings, summarizes and other organizers as they move down the page or screen. You might read the title, subtitles, subheading, and illustrations. Consider reading the first sentence of each paragraph. This technique is useful when you're seeking specific information rather than reading for comprehension. Skimming works well to find dates, names, and places. It might be used to review graphs, tables, and charts.
 
How to Skim:

* Read the title.
* Read the introduction or the first paragraph.
* Read the first sentence of every other paragraph.
* Read any headings and sub-headings.
* Notice any pictures, charts, or graphs.
* Notice any italicized or boldface words or phrases.
* Read the summary or last paragraph.
 

Skimming เป็นวิธีการอ่านแบบหนึ่งที่แตกต่างไปจากการอ่านแบบธรรมดา เพราะการอ่านแบบนี้เป็นการอ่านแบบรวดเร็วเพื่อต้องการข้อมูลโดยทั่ว ๆ ไป ( general information ) จะไม่อ่านทุกตัวอักษรแต่จะอ่านข้าม ๆ แต่ก็สามารถจับใจความได้

ขั้นตอนของการ skimming
1.  อ่านชื่อเรื่อง
2.  อ่านย่อหน้าแรกซึ่งเป็นบทนำของบทอ่าน
3.  อ่านประโยคแรกของทุกย่อหน้า
4.  อ่านหัวข้อใหญ่และหัวข้อย่อย
5.  ดูรูปภาพ แผนภูมิ หรือกราฟที่ให้มาประกอบ
6.  สังเกตคำที่ปรากฏในบทอ่านบ่อยๆ
7.  สังเกตคำ หรือวลีที่พิมพ์ด้วยตัวเอน หรือตัวหนา คำหรือวลีที่ขีดเส้นใต้
8.  อ่านข้อสรุปของย่อหน้า   

Part A.Underline the sentence with the main idea in each paragraph.

1.The sky could not fall down because there is nothing where we call 'sky'.Long ago,people thought the sun,moon and stars were at the top of the sky.They thought we lived inside a bowl that was turned upside down.
2.When you look at a rainbow, have you ever wondered if other people see the other side of rainbow at the same time ? You can see both sides of a bridge,because there are two sides. You only have to walk to see the other side of a bridge,but a rainbow has only only one side.
3.It is impossible to sleep with our eyes open. To keep them open needs effort,although the brain does this for you without having to think when you are awake.When you become sleepy,you relax and your eyelids drop because of their own weight.
4.Most male birds have brighter feathers than female birds .Male birds better voices than female birds.All these come about because each male bird,when looking for a wife, likes to show off his coloured feathers . He also likes to attract the female bird by calling and singing to her.

Part B. (answer)

Q.1= b.Nerves are good carrier of messages
Q.2=a.Our vocal chords are amazing in what they can do

Part C
              Our Galaxy









1.Detail: A galaxy is grouping of stars
2.Detail: There are many other galaxies in outer
3.Detail: It is a  spiral-shaped galaxy.
4.Detail: The Milky Way looks like a milky white stripe in the sky.
5.Detail: One of the stars in the Milky Way is the sun 
6.Detail: Scientists believe there are about 200 billion stars in it

Main idea :  The Milky Way is our
galaxy.


Skim this passage below and choose the best answers for each question.

 The Taj Mahal Often called the most beautiful building in the world, The Taj Mahal stands in the town of Agra in India. It is in fact a tomb built by the emperor Shah Jahan for his wife who died in 1931. Visitors to the Taj Mahal enter through a red sandstone gateway which leads into a beautiful walled garden in which a watercourse runs between rows of slender cypress trees. A the end of
the watercourse The Jaj Mahal stands on a marble terrace. It’s square building made from pure white marble and topped by a dome. Four slender white minerals or towers rise from the corners of the terrace. Beneath the dome is an eight-sided chamber with a carved marble screen around the tombs of the emperor and his wife.
The chief architect of the Taj Mahal was Ustad Isa, who may have been a Persian. The building and ornamentation was done by 20,000 men and craftsmen from all parts of Asia. (1632-1650.)

Questions.
1. Where is the Taj Mahal built?
a. the town of Emperor                b. the town of Jahan
c. the town of watercourse           d. the town of Agra

2. Who built the Jaj Mahal?
a. the Emperor’s wife          b. the Emperor Shah Jahan
c. the architect                  d. all the above

3. In what year did the Emperor Shah Jahan's beloved wife passed away?
a. 1930           b. 1931
c. 1932           d. 1933

4. What trees wee grown in the walled garden?
a. watercourse       b. slender
c. cypress             d. white minaret

5. What was square building made?
a. pure white marble      b. pure black marble
c. crude white steel       d. crude black steel

6. Who was the chief architect of the Taj Mahal?
a. Prince Persia           b. Ustad Isa
c. Shah Jaha              d. Andy Wilson

7. According to the passage, what nationality did Ustad Isa have?
a. Croatian                b. Chinese
c. Caucasian              d. Persian

8. How long had the Taj Mahal been built?
a. ten years               b. fifteen years
c. seventeen years      d. eighteen years


Answer.  
1. d. 2. b. 3. b. 4. c. 5. a. 6. b. 7. d. 8. d