exercise on page 18

E. Read the cause and write an effect. Then write one full sentence that states the cause and effect

1.  Cause: A storm hit the city.

     Effect: All the residents fled.

     Sentence: A storm hit the city, so all the residents fled.

2.  Cause: I planted some trees.

     Effect: The air is purify

     Sentence: I planted some trees, so the air is purify.

3.  Cause: My sister will get up past midnight.

     Effect: She went to sleep late.

     Sentence: My sister will get up past midnight, so she went to sleep late.

4.  Cause: Lena missed school on Monday.

     Effect: She cannot follow the works.

     Sentence: Lena missed school on Monday, so she cannot follow the works.

5.  Cause: David signed up for French classes.

     Effect: He can speak French.

     Sentence: David signed up for French classes, so he can speak French.

Summarize the lesson (Linking words- cause and effect relationship)

Using Linking words

How to Use “Linking Words” to state Cause and Effect

Giving a reason (Cause)
Due to / due to the fact that
Owing to / owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As

Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun.

"Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by 1.25%."

"Owing to the demand, we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks."

If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject, verb and object), you must follow the words with the fact that.

"Due to the fact that oil prices have risen, the inflation rate has gone up by 1%25."

"Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike, the company has been unable to fulfil all its orders."

Because / because of

Because of is followed by a noun.

"Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed."

Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. For example, "Because it was raining, the match was postponed."

"We believe in incentive schemes, because we want our employees to be more productive."

Since / as

Since and as mean because.

"Since the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."

"As the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."

Giving a result (Effect)
Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result

Therefore, so, consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way.

"The company are expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, they are taking on extra staff."

So is more informal.


Online Exercise:
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/570/pulp/hemp6.htm

exercise on page 20

C. Read each sentence. Then complete the table.

1. Tony was away from school as he was in the hospital.

2. Pen-chan was scared, so she called for help.

3. There was a strike and the buses did not ply.

4. The plants died as there was no water.

5. Eric forgot his swimsuit and therefore could not swim.

6. The street lights were switched on, so we could see our way.

7. The match was abandoned when it rained

8. He lost control of his car as the brakes were faulty

Causes	Effects
1. Tony was in the hospital.	He was away from school.
2. Pen-chan was scared.	She called for help.
3. There was a strike.	The buses did not ply.
4. There was no water.	The plants died.
5. Eric forgot his swimsuit.	Therefore he could not swim.
6. The street lights were switched on.	We could see our way.
7. When it rained.	The match was abandoned.
8. The brakes were faulty.	He lost control of his car.

Summarize the lesson (Understanding cause and effect)

Understanding Cause and Effect

A cause and effect analysis is an attempt to understand why things happen as they do. People in many professions spend considerable effort trying to understand the causes and effects of human behavior and natural phenomena to gain better control over events and over ourselves. If we understand the causes of accidents, wars, and natural disasters, perhaps we can avoid them in the future. If we understand the consequences of our own behavior, perhaps we can modify our behavior in a way that will allow us to lead happier, safer lives.

Causes

liked business in high school

salaries in the field are high

have an aunt who is an accountant

am good with numbers

Effect

choose to major in accounting

_____________________________________________________________

Cause

reduce work hours

Effects

less income

employer is irritated

more time to study

more time for family and friend

____________________________________________________________

Online Exercise:
http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ela4/a/hp/causeeffect.htm